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Allusion-An indirect or passing
reference to some event, person, place, or artistic work, the nature
and relevance of which is not explained by the writer but relies on
the reader’s familiarity with what is thus mentioned.
Antagonist-the character,
force, or collection of forces in fiction or drama that opposes the
protagonist and gives rise to the conflict of the story.
Archetype-a
term used to describe universal symbols that evoke deep and sometimes
unconscious responses in a reader. In literature, characters, images,
and themes that symbolically embody universal meanings and basic human
experiences.
Aside-A device in which a
character in a drama makes a short speech which is heard by the
audience but not by other characters in the play.
Climax-The decisive
moment in a drama, the climax is the turning point of the play to which
the rising action leads. This is the crucial part of the drama, the
part which determines the outcome of the conflict.
Genre-A literary
genre is a recognizable and established category of written work
employing such common conventions as will prevent readers or audiences
from mistaking it [with] another kind.
Hubris-
a common theme in Greek tragedies and mythology, whose stories often
featured protagonists suffering from hubris and subsequently being
punished by the gods for it.
Idiom- A specialized vocabulary used by a group of people; jargon or A style or manner of expression peculiar to a given people.
Imagery-
the collection of images within a literary work. Used to evoke
atmosphere, mood, tension. For example, images of crowded, steaming
sidewalks flanking streets choked with lines of shimmering, smoking
cars suggests oppressive heat and all the psychological tensions that
go with it.
In media res- in or into the middle of a sequence of events, as in a literary narrative.
Irony- A device that depends on the existence of at least two separate and contrasting levels of meaning embedded in one message.
- Verbal irony is sarcasm, when the speaker says something other than what they really mean.
- In dramatic irony, the audience is more aware than the characters in a work.
- Situational irony
occurs when the opposite of what is expected happens. This type of
irony often emphasizes that people are caught in forces beyond their
comprehension and control.
Metaphor-
a type of figurative language in which a statement is made that says
that one thing is something else but, literally, it is not. In
connecting one object, event, or place, to another, a metaphor can
uncover new and intriguing qualities of the original thing that we may
not normally notice or even consider important. Metaphoric language is
used in order to realize a new and different meaning.
Monologue-thoughts of a single person, directed outward.
Personification-
A figure of speech where animals, ideas or inorganic objects are given
human characteristics. one example of this is James Stephens’s poem
"The Wind" in which wind preforms several actions. In the poem Stephens
writes, “The wind stood up and gave a shout. He whistled on his two
fingers.”
Point of view- a way the
events of a story are conveyed to the reader, it is the “vantage point”
from which the narrative is passed from author to the reader. In the omniscient point of view, the person telling the story, or narrator, knows everything that's going on in the story. In the first- person
point of view, the narrator is a character in the story. Using the
pronoun "I" the anrrator tells us his or her own experiences but cannot
reveal with certainty any other character's private thoughts. In the limited third-person
point of view, the narrator is outside the story- like an omniscient
narrator- but tells the story from the vantage point of one character.
Protagonist-the central character of a literary work.
Soliloquy-
A dramatic or literary form of discourse in which a character talks to
himself or herself or reveals his or her thoughts without addressing a
listener.
Tone- the writer's attitude
toward the material and/or readers. Tone may be playful, formal,
intimate, angry, serious, ironic, outraged, baffled, tender, serene,
depressed or combinations.
Theme- (1) the
abstract concept explored in a literary work; (2) frequently recurring
ideas, such as enjoy-life while-you-can; (3) repetition of a meaningful
element in a work, such as references to sight, vision, and blindness
in Oedipus Rex.
Tragedy- A serious play
in which the chief figures, by some peculiarity of character, pass
through a series of misfortunes leading to a final, devastating
catastrophe.
Tragic flaw (hamartia)-the character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall.
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